Is a broad term that encompasses various activities related to the construction, maintenance, and operation of railways. Here’s a quick overview of what it entails:

Construction

• Track Laying: Placing rails, sleepers (ties), and ballast to form the railway track.

• Bridge and Tunnel Building: Constructing structures to allow the railway to pass over or through obstacles.

• Station Construction: Building passenger stations, including platforms, shelters, and ticketing facilities.

Maintenance

• Track Maintenance: Regularly inspecting and repairing tracks to ensure they are safe and operational. This includes tasks like replacing worn-out rails and sleepers, adjusting the alignment, and renewing ballast.

• Signal and Electrical Maintenance: Ensuring the signals and electrical systems (such as overhead power lines) are functioning correctly.

• Vegetation Control: Managing the growth of vegetation along the tracks to prevent obstructions.

Operations

• Train Operations: Managing the scheduling and running of trains, ensuring timely departures and arrivals.

• Safety Management: Implementing safety protocols to protect workers and passengers, including emergency response planning.

• Customer Service: Providing assistance and information to passengers, managing ticket sales, and handling inquiries